Technician Guide 9 teaches technicians how to master VREF diagnosis by keeping the final test inside the isolated controller-created reference loop. The guide explains why battery negative can help locate VREF positive but cannot prove VREF health. It teaches how to identify the controller that owns the sensor loop, name the three VREF wires, understand loaded VREF testing, and avoid judging a VREF number without knowing circuit state. The guide also warns technicians not to test restraint-system wiring as practice wiring and reinforces the need to follow OEM restraint-system procedures exactly.
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