Descrição do livro
We were told that hard work pays off. The numbers say otherwise. Of eight billion people, about thirty-four hundred are billionaires. In the United States, a family in the bottom ten percent needs five generations to reach the median income; in much of the world, six to eleven. A college entrance score tracks a family's income more closely than a student's talent. And most of the people who reach the top started very close to it. The Unmeritocracy is an essay about the system we actually live in: one where the outcomes of a life depend overwhelmingly on factors nobody chooses. The country and the neighborhood of birth. The first thousand days. The school that labels and the exam that measures a zip code. College as a club and the diploma as a wall. The lottery of genes, bodies, faces, and charisma. The algorithm that amplifies every inherited advantage, and the inheritance that grows on its own while wages stand still. Drawing on data from the OECD, the World Bank, Forbes, and the research of Raj Chetty, Thomas Piketty, Pierre Bourdieu, and Daniel Hamermesh, among others, the book takes apart the fable of the self-made man piece by piece and explains why an idea so easy to refute stays so healthy: the illusion of merit is the alibi that makes extreme inequality tolerable and shifts the blame for the system's failures onto each individual. But this is not a book about giving up. It is a book about relief. If success isn't fully earned, failure isn't deserved either. Understanding that changes how you see yourself in the mirror, how you see everyone else, and how you think about a society that, instead of manufacturing winners, could start dignifying the lives of the vast majority. I ntroduction, fifteen chapters in four parts, conclusions, and a note on sources. About 100 pages.
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