ler totalmente McDonnell Douglas Burden Shifting Framework (Employment Law Series) (English Edition)

THIS CASEBOOK contains a selection of 242 U. S. Court of Appeals decisions that analyze, discuss and interpret the McDonnell Douglas burden-shifting framework. The selection of decisions spans from 2005 to the date of publication.

A plaintiff lacking direct evidence of race- or color-based discrimination may yet prevail in a Title VII case by providing circumstantial evidence sufficient to raise an inference of discrimination. See McCoy v. City of Shreveport, 492 F.3d 551, 556 (5th Cir. 2007). In such cases, courts apply the McDonnell Douglas burden-shifting framework. See id. (citing McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green, 411 U.S. 792, 93 S.Ct. 1817 (1973)). Thomas v. Johnson, (5th Cir. 2015).

This framework "allocates the burden of producing evidence between the parties and establishes the order of presentation of proof." Under this scheme:

[a] plaintiff must establish a prima facie case of discriminatory motive. If the plaintiff makes this showing, the burden of production then shifts to the employer to articulate a legitimate, nondiscriminatory reason for its adverse employment action. If the employer articulates such a reason, the plaintiff must then put forward sufficient evidence to demonstrate that the employer's proffered explanation was a pretext for discrimination.

Th[e] framework allows a plaintiff to prove his/her case by way of process of elimination, "disprov[ing] the most obvious legitimate bases for the employment decision, thereby allowing the inference that the decision was motivated by discrimination." (Citations omitted.) Wagner v. Gallup, Inc., (8th Cir. 2015).

"A plaintiff may establish pretext either through evidence of disparate treatment or by showing that the employer's proffered explanation is false or 'unworthy of credence.'" Thomas v. Johnson, ibid.

Although the burden of production of evidence shifts back and forth, the plaintiff has the ultimate burden of persuasion at all times. Reeves v. Sanderson Plumbing Prods., Inc., 530 U.S. 133, 143, 120 S.Ct. 2097, 2106, 147 L.Ed.2d 105 (2000). Daniels v. School Dist. of Philadelphia, 776 F. 3d 181 (3rd Cir. 2015).

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