This book is not concerned with the philosophy of history; rather, it aims specifically to define its scope objectively in order to elucidate Ibn Khaldun's practical historical views, while avoiding, as far as possible, other dimensions—particularly those related to philosophy and its schools of thought, the humanities in themselves, or religious doctrines and studies. This approach follows from the very concept behind the book's title, al-'Ibar (Lessons of History), which points to none of these directions but stands, above all, as the title of a bold scholarly endeavor: one that places "Umran" (Urbanism/Civilization) as a science at the forefront of pioneering disciplines, making it the foundation upon which the world's historical course rests—a universal system grounded essentially in reason and sound judgment, and built upon experience: the experience of nations across their past and present lives.
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